Am Spiegelgrund clinic

Am Spiegelgrund was a children's clinic in Vienna where 789 patients were murdered under the Nazi program of child euthanasia. The clinic was established in 1940, and operated out of Am Steinhof psychiatric hospital buildings emptied by Aktion T4. It was closed in 1945, after the liberation of Vienna. At Am Spiegelgrund, sick and disabled children and adolescents were subjected to unethical human experimentation and medical neglect, as well as physical and psychological abuse. Some died by lethal injection and gas poisoning; others by disease, starvation, exposure to the elements, and "accidents" relating to their conditions. The brains of up to 800 victims were preserved in jars and housed in the hospital for decades. In 1942, the clinic was divided into the Vienna Municipal Mental Clinic for Children "Am Spiegelgrund" and the Vienna Municipal Reformatory "Am Spiegelgrund". Children and adolescents committed to the reformatory were also physically and psychologically abused. The clinic has gained contemporary notoriety, due in part to the treatment of children by lead psychiatrist Heinrich Gross. Gross was responsible for the deaths of at least nine "defective" children, but may have played a major role in the killing of hundreds more, and preserved many dead children as medical specimens. Gross went unpunished for his actions after the end of World War II and became a court p

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